Model Writing 3 · Writing Guide
AI: Its Upsides and Downsides
Artificial intelligence (AI) has become a hot topic globally. If it keeps developing, it can benefit people hugely. Yet some are concerned about the possible problems it causes.
Writing topic & suggested outline
Suggested outline
- Introduction — Background: How the idea of AI emerged; technology keeps improving; civilization keeps progressing. From the Industrial Revolution (steam → electricity → mass production) to computers and the Internet, and now AI.
- Lead-in: There are both pros and cons of AI.
- Thesis statement: (1) Pro 1: Make lives easier. (2) Pro 2: Speed up work efficiency. (3) Con 1: Lead to job losses. (4) Con 2: Result in a loss of skills.
Model writing
AI — its upsides and downsides
As technology progresses, civilization keeps leaping forward. This is why over the past centuries, innovators have been making every effort to contribute to a rise in technological levels. Currently, AI has started using tools to raise productivity and efficiency. In the most recent century, the world has been transformed by the Industrial Revolution, from the use of steam, to the mass adoption of automation. In anticipating how civilization and the world will carry on progressing with the advancement of technology, people are looking for the widespread use of AI to provide convenience, but are also fretful about the downsides of using AI. Indeed, there are both pros and cons of using AI. On one hand, AI can make our lives much easier and enhance work efficiency; on the other hand, it may lead to a loss of jobs and skills.
One of the most prominent upsides of AI is that it can provide ultimate convenience for our everyday life, which benefits people from all walks of life. In fact, AI has already been embedded in our everyday life, such as the facial recognition and personal assistant functions on our phones. With the use of AI, everyday tasks such as unlocking a phone, entering passwords, and setting reminders is made easier. Also, on social media or streaming platforms we are provided with personalized content to view based on our viewing history, preferences, age and location. We do not even need to search for content to read because the algorithms behind social media and video streaming platforms know what suits our appetite. Other than such convenience, as AI further learns and develops, it can be applied onto inventions like self-driving cars. At the moment, autonomous vehicles are being tested in the US and they are expected to be rolled out within a decade. When that happens, everyone can benefit even though we may not have obtained a driving license. Not only are these driverless cars safer to ride since human errors can be minimized and AI is not influenced by fatigue, but elderly people, whose reaction time is slower, and disabled people can also travel effortlessly. Therefore, AI does potentially bring immense benefits to our everyday life.
Another obvious benefit of AI is that it can help handle mundane, repetitive tasks and speed up work efficiency. Indeed, AI’s work is precise and it can operate all day long without the need to rest. This definitely promotes work efficiency. For instance, banks and insurance companies these days rely on AI much when it comes to data entry and processing data. Indeed, documents these financial institutions handle on a day-to-day basis tend to be repetitive and similar. When data are entered by humans, there may be errors. However, with the precision of AI, things are handled more swiftly and accurately. That is why AI does provide an unprecedented boost to the efficiency of work. In reality, when Hong Kong tycoon Li Ka Shing issued subsidies to the catering sector, which was in dire straits during the pandemic, his firm made use of AI to help process applications and with the aid of AI, applications were processed and the relief funds he offered to firms were handed out to restaurateurs within seven days. Comparatively, it took more than a month for Hong Kong government to issue the relief funds to firms when it comes to the enhancement of efficiency. Besides, AI is effective in carrying out data crunching, so researchers can complete their studies much faster. This can thus accelerate the development of drugs and treatments, which further benefits humans considerably. In brief, AI makes repetitive tasks a lot easier to handle.
Despite the apparent advantages of AI, it is not all roses and there are downsides that we should take heed of. Its first drawback is that it is likely to lead to a loss of jobs, leaving workers jobless unless they get retrained. Indeed, because AI is so powerful that it can complete tasks humans are used to doing more expeditiously and accurately, when AI gets adopted extensively, certain jobs are likely to be eradicated. For instance, white-collar workers such as administrative officers whose duties are to handle business correspondence are particularly vulnerable to generative AI such as ChatGPT because the Large Language Models can effectively replace the need for an admin officer. Indeed, before the wide adoption of generative AI, there might have been a need of staff members in charge of handling enquiries and complaints. With AI, the headcount responsible for such tasks can be reduced, as emails are written very speedily. Many workers may end up on the scrapheap, being jobless. Another type of job which is likely to be threatened by AI is graphic designers because AI in the modern days can generate high-quality image in seconds following instructions about what the image looks like. Marketers can now rely on AI to create graphics for promoting their products without the need to hire an in-house or external graphic designer. Hence, AI does shake up the job market and lots of roles may be replaced.
Lastly, the impeccable power of AI is likely to result in overreliance and gradually, people will lose the skills they possess. As aforementioned, when driverless cars are rolled out, there is no need for people to learn to drive anymore and fewer people know how to drive as a result. This may seem ideal because learning to drive can be a headache for many and those people deemed unsuitable to drive can commute with the help of AI. However, AI requires electricity and network to operate. In case there are natural disasters such as wildfires, floods and earthquakes, power supply and network can be disrupted and in that case, autonomous vehicles can no longer function. People who have become overdependent on driverless cars to commute and have lost their driving skills will feel helpless. Besides, as people develop a reliance on AI due to its accuracy and logical reasoning ability, we may let down our guard and believe whatever AI advises us of, which may lead to a loss of critical thinking skills. Nevertheless, more evidence suggests AI is biased as humans since AI learns from data from humans. If we are too lazy to evaluate whether information AI offers us is reliable or not, we might be misled. Hence, AI can possibly contribute to a decline or a loss of skills.
To sum up, AI can be both a boon and a bane. On one hand, it can provide us with tremendous convenience in our everyday life and boost work efficiency. On the other hand, it can give rise to joblessness and a loss of skills. In order for AI to be utilized appropriately in order to maximize its benefits to humankind while minimizing the risks, it is necessary for AI to be used properly.
Grammar & usage
Sentence structure highlights
1. On one hand, … On the other hand, …
Example: On one hand, AI can make everyday lives much easier for people and enhance work efficiency. On the other hand, it may lead to a loss of jobs and skills.
中文：人工智能一方面可以讓人們的日常生活更輕鬆、提高工作效率；但另一方面，它可能導致失業及技能流失。
用法提醒：On the other hand 表示「另一方面」，常用來呈現相反或對照的觀點；不宜把它誤當成「此外」的意思。
避免：On one hand, AI can make our lives easier. On the other hand, it can enhance work efficiency.（若兩項是同方向的優點，這裡不宜使用表示對照的 On the other hand。）
可改為：For a start, AI can make our lives easier. Besides, it can enhance our work efficiency.
2. Inversion: Not only … but also …
Example: Not only are these driverless cars safer to ride since human errors can be minimized and AI is not influenced by fatigue, but elderly people, whose reaction time is slower, and disabled people, can also travel effortlessly.
中文：無人駕駛汽車因為能大幅減少人為錯誤且不受疲勞影響，不但乘坐更安全，反應較慢的長者和身障人士也能輕鬆出行。
倒裝結構：Not only 屬於否定副詞，放在句子開首時，須倒裝：Negative adverb + verb to be + subject + …
| Negative adverb | verb to be | Subject | … |
|---|---|---|---|
| Not only | are | these driverless cars | … |
不倒裝時：These driverless cars are not only safer to drive …（若 not only 並非放在句首，則不使用倒裝。）
3. so … that …
Example: AI is so powerful that it can complete tasks humans are used to doing more expeditiously and accurately.
中文：人工智能非常強大，可以更迅速、準確地完成一些人們習慣處理的工作。
用法提醒：so + adjective/adverb + that + clause 用來表示「如此……以致……」。that 後面接完整子句，須包含主詞。
Vocabulary boosters
詞彙加強：完整詞語、例句與同義詞
- As technology progresses (conj. + clause) — 隨著科技進步
e.g. As medical technology progresses, treatments are becoming safer and more precise.
隨著醫療科技進步，治療變得越來越安全和精準。SYN: improve (v.) = advance (vi.)
- civilization (n.) — 人類文明
e.g. The Internet is the key drive for modern civilization.
互聯網是現代文明的重要推動力。 - take a big leap forward (v. + n. phr.) — 大躍進
e.g. Students’ performance at this school has taken a big leap forward. People are curious about what the school did to achieve this.
這所學校的學生表現有大躍進，人們都很好奇學校推行什麼政策來達到這種進步。SYN: make huge improvement in/on = make great strides in
- innovators (n.) — 發明家／創新者
e.g. Innovators are often inquisitive and willing to change the status quo.
發明家一般都是充滿好奇心及願意挑戰現況。SYN: inventors = scientists
- make every effort to (v. + n. phr.) — 盡力
e.g. The health workers have been making every effort to care for patients, but hospitals are just understaffed and some patients might not have been well taken care of.
醫護人員已盡一切努力照顧病人，但醫院人手不足，故此一些病人未能好好照顧到。SYN: go the extra mile = keep/put one’s nose to the grindstone = bend over backwards = spare no effort/pains/expense = put in every endeavour/effort to do sth.
- contribute to (v. phr.) — 對……作出貢獻
e.g. We should all contribute to conserving the environment.
我們都應為環境保護作出貢獻。 - transform (vt.) — 轉變
e.g. AI is expected to transform the work world radically.
人工智能預期對工作環境作出重大的改變。SYN: change = shake up = overhaul
- Industrial Revolution (n. phr.) — 工業革命
e.g. The earth has been heating up at a much faster rate since the Industrial Revolution.
自從工業革命，地球的氣溫不斷上升。 - adoption (n.) — 應用
e.g. The adoption of automation has helped the manufacturer save a lot of costs.
自動化幫助生產者節省很多成本。 - anticipate (vt.) — 預期；預計；期待
e.g. People are anticipating the remake version of this classic video game.
人們十分期待這經典遊戲的重製版本。Language note: anticipate 可指預期／預計，也可指期待。SYN: expect = look forward to
- give a further boost to (v. + n. phr.) — 進一步提升
e.g. The male celebrity’s participation in a recent soap opera has given a further boost to his popularity.
那位男明星最近參與的電視劇使他的人氣進一步提升。SYN: boost / drive up / enhance / elevate / raise / promote
- carry on (phr. v.) — 繼續
e.g. You should carry on writing because you’re making good progress.
因為你持續有進步，你應該繼續寫作。 - prosper (vi.) — 繁榮
e.g. India is expected to prosper economically within a decade or two.
我們預期印度的經濟在十至二十年內會非常繁榮。SYN: flourish = boom (vi.)
Common error: prosper 是不及物動詞，不能直接接受詞。✗ The government is trying to prosper the economy. ✓ The government is trying to stimulate the economy.
- with the advancement of technology (prep. + n. phr.) — 隨著科技一直進步
e.g. With the advancement of technology, learning has become more interactive.
隨著科技一直進步，學習變得越來越有互動性。 - widespread (adj.) — 普遍
e.g. Working from home practices are no longer as widespread as they were before.
在家工作的安排不再以往那麼普遍。SYN: common = commonplace = prevail = ubiquitous
Common error: widespread / prevalent / ubiquitous 後面不使用「It is adj. for sb. to do sth.」結構，宜用 common。
- fretful about (adj.) — 擔憂
e.g. Workers should be fretful about whether their jobs may be replaced by AI in the future.
工人應該擔心一下他們的工作是否會將來被人工智能取代。SYN: anxious about = apprehensive about = concerned about = worried about
- downsides (n.) — 缺點
e.g. A celebrity may lead glamorous lives, but there are still downsides of being one.
一位名人可能過著光鮮的生活，但成為名人仍有其壞處。SYN: disadvantages = drawbacks = negatives = cons
ANT: advantages = benefits = upsides = positives vs. pluses = pros - entail (vt.) — 涉及
e.g. All investments entail risks.
所有投資涉及風險。SYN: involve
- make lives easier (v. phr.) — 帶來很大的便利性
e.g. Cleaning robots have made stay-at-home moms and dads’ lives easier.
清潔機械人令家庭主婦或主夫的生活更加便利。SYN: offer / provide little convenience
- enhance work efficiency (v. + n. phr.) — 提升工作效率
e.g. Generative AI can enhance work efficiency for many white-collar workers.
生成式人工智能可以為很多白領階層提升工作效率。 - prominent (adj.) — 明顯
e.g. One of the most prominent reasons why Japan lures a lot of visitors is its cleanliness.
日本能吸引很多遊客的其中一個主要原因是這個國家很整潔。SYN: clear = apparent = obvious = noticeable = evident = significant
- provide … for … (vt.) — 提供
e.g. Firms in overseas countries provide bonuses for staff who are willing to work on public holidays.
海外的公司會為願意在公眾假期工作的員工提供花紅。Language note: provide 的結構：(1) provide sb. sth. (2) provide sth. for sb. ✓ Firms in overseas countries provide bonuses for staff who are willing to work on public holidays. ✓ Firms in overseas countries provide staff who are willing to work on public holidays with bonuses.
- people from all walks of life (n. phr.) — 來自不同背景的人
e.g. By mingling with people from all walks of life, your horizons definitely get widened.
透過與不同背景的人相處，你定必能擴闊視野。SYN: people from diverse backgrounds
- … has been embedded in (v. phr.) — 與我們的生活環境緊扣
e.g. Technology has heavily been embedded in our everyday life and we just can’t live without it.
科技與我們的日常生活環境緊扣，我們根本不能不倚靠它。SYN: has been intertwined with / entwined with our lives; AI has permeated our lives
- facial recognition (n. phr.) — 容貌識別
e.g. Phones can now be unlocked with the use of the facial recognition feature.
人們能夠使用電話的人面識別功能解鎖電話。 - hassle (n.) — 麻煩事
e.g. Conducting research involves a lot of hassle and that’s why it’s time-consuming.
進行研究涉及很多麻煩的事情，所以它很虛耗時間。SYN: trouble
- streaming platforms (n. phr.) — 串流平台
e.g. After streaming platforms clamped down on account sharing, their revenues increased sharply.
自從串流平台打擊用戶共享，它們的收益大幅增加。 - on a daily basis (prep. phr.) — 每日
e.g. I feel more energized after taking the food supplement on a daily basis. I strongly recommend it to my friends.
自從每日食用營養補充品之後，我變得更加精神。所以我會推薦它給朋友。SYN: every day = on a day-to-day basis
- personalized content (n. phr.) — 個人化的內容
e.g. Social media provides personalized content for each user. What you see on your feed can be vastly different from others’.
社交媒體提供個人化的內容給每一位用家。你在頁面看到的東西跟別人的極為不同。SYN: individualized
- preferences (n.) — 喜好
e.g. At most restaurants, you can make adjustments to the dishes according to your preferences.
你在大部分餐廳可以因應你的喜好對菜式作出調整。 - algorithms (n.) — 演算法
e.g. The algorithms on social media are always changing and so content creators need to adjust the way they create content accordingly.
社交媒體的演算法經常改變，所以內容創作者需要因應改變而調整內容創作手法。 - suit our appetite (vt. + n. phr.) — 適合我們的口味
e.g. Horror movies don’t suit our appetite. Shall we watch a comedy instead?
恐怖片不適合我們的口味。不如我們看喜劇吧？SYN: cater to / for our needs / preferences
- self-driving cars (n. phr.) — 無人駕駛的車輛
e.g. Passengers on self-driving cars all find the invention miraculous.
乘坐無人駕駛車的乘客都覺得這個發明很神奇。SYN: driverless cars = autonomous vehicles
- roll out (phr. v.) — 推出
e.g. Phone manufacturers roll out new models of phones every year.
電話生產商每年都會推出新的電話。SYN: release
- fatigue (n.) — 疲勞
e.g. Teachers in Hong Kong are often troubled by fatigue because of their long working hours and sleep deprivation.
香港的老師因為工時及睡眠不足而經常受疲勞困擾。SYN: burnout = exhaustion = tiredness = overwork = weariness
- effortlessly (adv.) — 容易地
e.g. The body builder lifted the weight effortlessly.
那位健身先生輕易地舉起那重量。 - potentially (adv.) — 潛在地
e.g. I avoid eating fresh oysters because they can potentially lead to diarrhea.
因為生蠔可導致肚瀉，所以我一般會避免吃生蠔。 - bring immense benefits to (v. + n. phr. + prep.) — 帶來極大的好處
e.g. Reading brings immense benefits to children. Parents should encourage children to read.
閱讀對小孩帶來極大的益處，家長應鼓勵小朋友多閱讀。SYN: massive = enormous = considerable = tremendous = substantial = vast
- mundane (adj.) — 單調
e.g. You might find coding mundane but for many IT specialists, it is an intriguing thing to do.
你或許對編程感到沉悶，但對於很多資訊科技專家而言，這是很有趣的事情。SYN: boring = uninteresting = dreary = monotonous = wearisome = run-of-the-mill = repetitive
Common error: ✗ I felt mundane during the summer holidays. ✓ Summer holidays were mundane for me. ✓ I felt bored during the summer holidays. mundane 是描述事情「令人沉悶」，解作「令人沈悶」的意思。
- precise (adj.) — 準確
e.g. If you want to be a proficient language user, you need to ensure the language you use is precise.
若想成為熟練的語文使用者，你必須確保語文應用得準確。SYN: accurate
Confusable words: precise (adj.) 是「指準確」；concise (adj.) 是「指精簡」。
- all day long (adv.) — 全日
e.g. I lounged around all day long due to the typhoon. I wanted to go out so much.
因為颱風，我全日在家中無所事事，我很想外面逛街。 - precision (n.) — 準確度
e.g. Precision is important when learning maths.
在學習數學的時候，準確度是非常重要的。SYN: accuracy
- swiftly (adv.) — 快速地
e.g. As I’m used to travelling abroad, I can pack things in my suitcase very swiftly.
因為我已習慣到海外旅遊，我能很快地把行李整理好。SYN: quickly = fast = efficiently = expeditiously = promptly = rapidly = snappily = speedily
- unprecedented (adj.) — 前所未見的
e.g. The demand for semiconductors has been unprecedentedly large because they are necessities for manufacturing any electronic devices.
因為半導體是生產任何電子儀器的必需品，故此它的需求前所未有般的大。 - tycoon (n.) — 大亨
e.g. The tycoon donates a lot of money to universities every year.
那位大亨每年都會捐贈很多金錢給大學。SYN: millionaire = billionaire
- subsidies (n.) — 資助
e.g. Underprivileged families can apply for plenty of subsidies to ease their financial burdens.
貧困家庭可以申請很多資助來減輕他們的財政負擔。SYN: allowances
- catering sector (n. phr.) — 飲食業
e.g. The catering sector in Hong Kong has been hit hard because many locals would rather spend money in Shenzhen during weekends.
因為很多本地人寧願在週末到深圳消費，香港的飲食業被嚴重打擊。SYN: food industry = food and beverage industry
- in dire straits (prep. phr.) — 在水深火熱中
e.g. A few property developers in Australia are in dire straits. They are on the brink of collapse.
澳洲有幾個地產發展商在水深火熱中，它們在瀕臨倒閉的邊緣。SYN: in hot / deep water = in deep trouble
- is deemed (v. phr.) — 被視為
e.g. Lifestyles overseas are deemed more relaxing than those in Hong Kong.
相對香港的生活方式，外國的生活方式一般被視為較輕鬆。SYN: be considered (as) = be regarded / seen / viewed / perceived as
- carry out data crunching (v. phr. + n. phr.) — 進行數據分析
e.g. The research assistants are responsible for helping the professor carry out data crunching.
那些研究助理負責協助教授進行數據分析。SYN: conduct data analysis
- it is not all roses (clause) — 並不是只有好的一面
e.g. Being a boss is not all roses. Even though you get paid higher, the responsibilities you need to take on are greater.
當上司並不只是好的一面。即使你能獲取較高的工資，你需要負上的責任比一般員工更多。 - take heed of (v. phr.) — 注意
e.g. You should take heed of the expiry dates when buying discount skincare products.
當購買了折扣的護膚產品時，你必須注意它的使用期限。SYN: pay attention to = take note of = pay heed to; be alert to = be aware of = be conscious of = be mindful of = be heedful of = be vigilant of
- is likely to (v. + adj. + to-inf.) — 大機會會
e.g. The student is likely to study abroad next year. That’s why he doesn’t seem to be making much effort to study.
這位學生明年很可能會出國留學，所以他似乎並沒有努力讀書。 - eradicate (vt.) — 消除
e.g. Subdivided flats in Hong Kong can’t be eradicated because if that happened, those tenants would become homeless.
香港的劏房被消除，那些住戶便會無家可歸。SYN: eliminate = remove = get rid of = do away with = put a halt to = put a stop to = put an end to
- white-collar workers (n. phr.) — 白領工人
e.g. As young people are more educated, there are more white-collar workers than blue-collar workers.
因為年輕人現在都比較受教育，所以白領工人在社會較藍領工人多。SYN: knowledge workers
ANT: blue-collar workers = manual workers - vulnerable to (adj. + n.) — 容易受……影響
e.g. While manual jobs are vulnerable to job losses due to machines, knowledge jobs are vulnerable to AI.
一方面，勞動工人容易因機器取代而失去工作；另一方面，白領的工作會容易受人工智能影響。SYN: prone / susceptible to
- in charge of (prep. phr.) — 負責
e.g. The teacher in charge of this programme is going to retire. There needs to be a new teacher-in-charge to take over the duty.
負責這項活動的老師將會退休，因此我們需要一位新的負責老師來接替這項職責。SYN: responsible for
- headcount (n.) — 員工人數
e.g. The headcount of most firms is shrinking due to the economic downturn.
大部分公司因為經濟不景，員工人數正在減少。 - end up on the scrapheap (v. phr. + n. phr.) — 結果被丟棄
e.g. Lots of old gadgets end up on the scrapheap because they are hard to repair.
很多舊的電子零件因為難以修理結果被丟棄。 - threaten (vt.) — 威脅
e.g. The typhoon had been said to threaten Hong Kong severely because of its proximity to Hong Kong. However, the damage was not as severe as expected.
那個颱風因為與香港的距離非常接近，早前被指會嚴重威脅香港。但是它所造成的破壞並如預期中那麼嚴重。 - hire (vt.) — 聘請
e.g. Many firms have stopped hiring this year.
大部分公司今年都停止聘請員工。SYN: recruit
- shake up (vt.) — 令……震盪
e.g. The rise of social media has shaken up the way we do shopping.
社交媒體的崛起令我們購物的方式作出龐大改變。 - impeccable (adj.) — 無懈可擊的
e.g. This book is an impeccable reference book.
這本書是無懈可擊的參考書。SYN: amazing = brilliant = compelling = exceptional = extraordinary = fascinating = fabulous = impressive = marvellous = mind-blowing = superb = terrific = top-notch = top-tier
- result in (phr. v.) — 導致
e.g. Stronger staff loyalty can result in lower attrition rates and higher productivity.
因為員工的忠誠度較高，離職率較低，生產力會提升。SYN: lead to = contribute to = give rise to = bring about = bring forth; induce = engender = spawn = trigger
- possess (vt.) — 擁有
e.g. My father possesses a few luxury watches, which he rarely wears. They are more like collectibles for him.
我的父親擁有幾隻他很少戴的名貴腕錶。對他而言，這些腕錶像他的收藏品。 - can be a headache for (v. phr. + n. phr. + prep.) — ……是令人頭痛的事
e.g. Language learning can be a headache for many students, especially those who are dyslexic.
對很多學生，尤其是有讀障礙的學生，語文學習會令他們非常頭痛。 - natural disasters (n.) — 天災
e.g. The gravity of natural disasters seems to be growing each year. Look at how acute the wildfire in Hawaii was!
天災的嚴重性似乎每年都在遞增。看看夏威夷的自然火災多麼嚴重！SYN: catastrophes = apocalypses
- let down our guard (idiom) — 疏於防範
e.g. When travelling to Europe, even though people may approach you in a friendly way, you shouldn’t let down your guard because they might be pickpockets or scammers.
到歐洲旅遊時，雖然人們表面上很友善地接近你，但你不應疏於防範，因為他們隨時是扒手或騙子。 - advise sb. of (vt. + n. + prep.) — 通知我們
e.g. We were advised of the resignation of the colleague all of a sudden.
我們突然被告知那位同事已辭職。SYN: inform sb. of
Language note: advise (v.) 可作 (1) 建議、(2) 告知。advise (n.) 在英式英語中只屬名詞；在美式英語中既是 noun 亦是 verb。
- biased (adj.) — 有偏見的
e.g. Even though newspapers say they are impartial, their reports are often biased.
即使報紙指他們不偏不倚，但他們的報道往往是偏頗的。 - evaluate (vt.) — 評估
e.g. Before checking out the shopping cart, you should evaluate whether what you buy is what you need.
購物時，你必須評估你所購買的是否你所需要的。 - is both a boon and a bane (n. phr.) — 是好處亦是壞處
e.g. Technology is both a boon and a bane. If you don’t use it wisely, it does more harm than good.
科技有好處，亦有壞處。萬一你未能明智地使用它，它會為你帶來更多的壞處。 - joblessness (n.) — 失業
e.g. Joblessness is an indicator of the economy of a place. The lower the jobless rate is, the better the economy is.
一個地方的失業率是它的經濟指標。失業率越低，經濟環境越好。SYN: unemployment